Difference between revisions of "Solar Design"
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|Connectors | |Connectors | ||
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| − | |Charger/Power Supply||[http://www.prodctodc.com/5a-constant-current-led-driver-lithiumion-battery-charger-digital-ampvolt-mete-p-428.html ProDC2DC]||$10.99 | + | |Charger/Power Supply||[http://www.prodctodc.com/5a-constant-current-led-driver-lithiumion-battery-charger-digital-ampvolt-mete-p-428.html ProDC2DC Item ID #090627]||$10.99 |
|- | |- | ||
|5 VDC Power Supply||[http://www.prodctodc.com/dc-auto-boost-buck-converter-25w-315v-to-0530v-for-solar-panel-step-up-down-voltage-regulators-p-104.html ProDC2DC]||$6.70 | |5 VDC Power Supply||[http://www.prodctodc.com/dc-auto-boost-buck-converter-25w-315v-to-0530v-for-solar-panel-step-up-down-voltage-regulators-p-104.html ProDC2DC]||$6.70 | ||
Revision as of 18:37, 15 March 2014
Contents
GOALS
- Operate through a week of rain (battery life of 10 days).
- One day of sun provides 7 days of operation (operate unit 1 day and charge batteries 6 days worth).
- Low profile (solar array fits on the top of a 10 frame Langstrough hive.)
- Affordable. Readily available parts.
- Simple. Easy to build and maintain.
POWER REDUCTION
Significant power savings can be achieved through software. See Software:Solar Power for details.
Under Clocking
buspower
- Disables the LAN9512
- Shuts down USB devices
On the Model B, the Ethernet and USB ports are provided by the LAN9512. This chip consumes almost 200mA. The LAN9512 datasheet explains some of its power saving modes: SUSPEND2, SUSPEND1 and SUSPEND0.
To disable the device (and reduce current from 470 ma to 200 ma):
echo 0x0 > /sys/devices/platform/bcm2708_usb/buspower echo 0x1 to the same file to wake up it.
See this StackExchange post for details.
This technique reduces the Model A current from 200 ma to 120 ma even though it doesn't have the LAN9512.
This also shuts down any USB devices which also saves power, but this also means that the devices (Wi-Fi) must be initialized when bus power is turned on.
Turn off HDMI
This saves about 20 ma.
/opt/vc/bin/tvservice -off
GPIO serial port
USB to TTL Serial Cable
When using the Model A (or turning off the ethernet/USB ports on the Model B), this USB to TTL Serial Cable will allow connection to the console.
http://elinux.org/RPi_Serial_Connection
From AdaFruit:
From Amazon:
- Elesonic Vomaxtech Pl2303hx USB to TTL to Uart Rs232 COM Cable Module Converter $5.99
- Kootek PL2303HX USB to TTL to UART RS232 COM Cable module Converter $2.65
DESIGN
Power calculations
Average power consumption
Pi A: 126 ma @ 5V = .63 W
Scale: 70 ma @ 8V = .56 W
Assume PS efficiency is 85% 1.19 watts/.85 = 1.4 watts
1.4 watts / 6 VDC = .23 amps
.23 amp x 24 hours = 5.6 AHr
derate 42 AHr to 30 AHr
30 AHr / 5.6 AHr/day = 5.3 days
derate 200 AHr battery to 100 AHr
100 AHr / 5.6 AHr/day = 17 days
- Model A Pi, USB hub, 2 TEMPerHUM, Edimax Technology Co., Ltd EW-7811Un 802.11n Wireless Adapter [Realtek RTL8188CUS]
- 110 ma 282 seconds 370 ma for 18 seconds
- ((110 ma * 282 sec) + (370 ma *18 sec))/300 sec = (31,020+6,660)/300 = 126 ma avg
Charge rate
Goal: 4.8 watts (2x consumption)
5 watts x 24 hours = 120 watt hours
120 watt hours / 20 watt = 6 hours at maximum output (12 hours at 50% output
Derate panel to 15 watts = 7.6 hours
(note: 20 watts is maximum output and that probably won't ever happen - especially if the panel is flat on the top of the hive. I would feel more comfortable using a 40 watt solar panel 2.3 amps max output.)
Schematic
Parts List
| Battery | ||
| Battery Connector | NAPA 784640 | $2.79 |
| 25 Watt Solar Panel | ||
| Connectors | ||
| Charger/Power Supply | ProDC2DC Item ID #090627 | $10.99 |
| 5 VDC Power Supply | ProDC2DC | $6.70 |
| Fuse Holders | ||
| Test Points | ||
| USB to TTL Serial Cable | ||
| Schottky Diode |
NOTES
1. Battery Amp Hour ratings are theoretical. A 200 AHr battery in theory would supply 200 amps for 1 hour or 1 A for 200 hours. In practice this is far from true - there is a better chance of getting closer to 1 A for 200 hours than 200 amps for 1 hour. The point is, the AHr rating of the battery must be derated (depends on the rate of discharge and temperature).
2. 6 V golf cart batteries are better deep cycle batteries (thicker plates) than 12 V marine deep cycle which are a compromise. Battery life depends mostly on Depth of Discharge (DOD) - the bigger DOD, the shorter the battery life.
3. A solar "Charge Controller" probably won't work - DO NOT USE THIS:
http://www.amazon.com/Sunforce-7-Amp-Charge-Controller/dp/B0006JO0XI/ref...
Hardware:
40 Watt solar array:
http://www.ebay.com/itm/40w-New-40-watt-Module-Sun-Solar-Panel-PV-Poly-c...
$54 on ebay
Battery:
http://www.ebay.com/itm/Trojan-Black-Box-6-Volt-210-Amp-Hour-Deep-Cycle-...
$95 on ebay, probably find locally (Sam's Club)
Solar Charger/PS:
http://www.prodctodc.com/dc-auto-boost-buck-converter-25w-315v-to-0530v-...
$7
WiFi Adapter:
http://www.amazon.com/Importer520-Wireless-Adapter-Antenna-54Mbps/dp/B00...
$10
(This is about $170 not counting shipping/taxes.)
May need gain antenna:
http://www.mfjenterprises.com/Product.php?productid=MFJ-1800
$30
Raspberry Pi Model A vs Model B
The SMSC LAN9512 USB Hub and Ethernet Controller.
Misc Info on power reduction
http://www.daveakerman.com/?page_id=1294 http://www.bitwizard.nl/wiki/index.php?title=Reducing_power_consumption_of_a_raspberry_Pi http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L1EihTxIdnQ http://traffic.integreen-life.bz.it/default/wiki/power-consumption http://raspberrypi.stackexchange.com/questions/8498/disable-lan9512
