Solar Design

GOALS

1. Operate through a week of rain (battery life of 10 days).
2. One day of sun provides 2 days of operation (operate unit 1 day and charge batteries 1 days worth) so need an average of 50% sunny days.
3. Low profile (solar array fits on the top of a 10 frame Langstrough hive.)
4. Affordable. Readily available parts.
5. Simple. Easy to build and maintain.

DESIGN

Power calculations

Average power consumption

Pi A: 200 ma @ 5V = 1 W
Scale: 50 ma @ 12V = .6 W
(The actual measured Pi power consumption is 120 Ma.)
Assume PS efficiency is 85% 2 watts/.85 = 2.4 watts
2.4 watts / 6 VDC = .4 amps
.4 amp x 24 hours = 9.6 AHr
derate 200 AHr battery to 100 AHr
100 AHr / 9.6 AHr/day = 10.4 days

Charge rate

Goal: 4.8 watts (2x consumption)
5 watts x 24 hours = 120 watt hours
120 watt hours / 20 watt = 6 hours at maximum output (12 hours at 50% output
Derate panel to 15 watts = 7.6 hours
(note: 20 watts is maximum output and that probably won't ever happen - especially if the panel is flat on the top of the hive. I would feel more comfortable using a 40 watt solar panel 2.3 amps max output.)

NOTES

1. Battery Amp Hour ratings are theoretical. A 200 AHr battery in theory would supply 200 amps for 1 hour or 1 A for 200 hours. In practice this is far from true - there is a better chance of getting closer to 1 A for 200 hours than 200 amps for 1 hour. The point is, the AHr rating of the battery must be derated (depends on the rate of discharge and temperature).
2. 6 V golf cart batteries are better deep cycle batteries (thicker plates) than 12 V marine deep cycle which are a compromise. Battery life depends mostly on Depth of Discharge (DOD) - the bigger DOD, the shorter the battery life.
3. A solar "Charge Controller" probably won't work - DO NOT USE THIS: http://www.amazon.com/Sunforce-7-Amp-Charge-Controller/dp/B0006JO0XI/ref...
Hardware:
40 Watt solar array:
http://www.ebay.com/itm/40w-New-40-watt-Module-Sun-Solar-Panel-PV-Poly-c...
$54 on ebay
Battery:
http://www.ebay.com/itm/Trojan-Black-Box-6-Volt-210-Amp-Hour-Deep-Cycle-...
$95 on ebay, probably find locally (Sam's Club)
Solar Charger/PS:
http://www.prodctodc.com/dc-auto-boost-buck-converter-25w-315v-to-0530v-...
$7 WiFi Adapter: http://www.amazon.com/Importer520-Wireless-Adapter-Antenna-54Mbps/dp/B00... $10
(This is about $170 not counting shipping/taxes.) May need gain antenna: http://www.mfjenterprises.com/Product.php?productid=MFJ-1800 $30

Raspberry Pi Model A vs Model B

The SMSC LAN9512 USB Hub and Ethernet Controller.

http://www.smsc.com/media/Downloads_Public/Data_Sheets/9512.pdf http://www.daveakerman.com/?page_id=1294 http://www.bitwizard.nl/wiki/index.php?title=Reducing_power_consumption_of_a_raspberry_Pi http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L1EihTxIdnQ http://traffic.integreen-life.bz.it/default/wiki/power-consumption http://raspberrypi.stackexchange.com/questions/8498/disable-lan9512